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Software administrasi sekolah full crack archi. But in the Toyota D4 engine, petrol is injected directly into the cylinder with precise timing, eliminating waste and inefficiency. 1JZ-FSE, 2.5-litre) in 1998 and only for a home market: Vista, Nadia etc. Nissan makes the NEO Di+HYPER CVT 3.0-litre Engines VG30dd (PS/rpm - 230/6400). BOSCH lets out a system GDI - Moronic MED7. The Toyota Nadia is a good replacement for a Carib. The two engine types are quite different however. While both have similar internals, the big difference is the way the fuel is injected into the engine.

The most important challenge facing car manufacturers today is to offer vehicles that deliver excellent fuel efficiency and superb performance while maintaining cleaner emissions and driving comfort. Growing awareness of global warming as a big threat to the environment, has added yet another dimension to this challenge. In order to prevent global warming, the reduction of CO2, one of the greenhouse gases, is called for. In order to achieve reduction of CO2, there is an immediate need to develop and promote widely, the use of an automotive power plant that emits significantly less CO2 than conventional petrol engines. The Gasoline Direct Injection technologies are products efforts to maximize fuel economy, and thereby minimize environmental impact at an accessible price by harnessing the GDI's inherent advantages.

They are designed to widen acceptance of environmentally friendly technology by negating problems associated with alternative engine technologies, namely price and performance restrictions as well as the lack of support infrastructure. GDI-technologies deliver a 10~30% improvement in fuel economy over a current GDI-engine, along with enhanced drivability. Contrary to what Mitsubishi or Citroen may claim, neither company is the first, or even the first European company to mass produce a direct injection gasoline engine. That honour belongs to the Goliath from Germany (Borgward) from the early 50's (postwar Goliath new model started in 1950.) It was a minicar (not a microcar-that was the Lloyd). Both the Goliath and Lloyd were transverse engine front wheel drives with CV joints (in 1950, many years before Alec Issigonis 'invented' both for the Mini).The Goliath even had a fully synchronized 4 speed transaxle and 4 wheel independent suspension back then. Has written Dean Stanley. In the these engine, petrol is directly injected into the cylinder, eliminating many of the hitherto restrictions on combustion control, such as the impossibility of adding fuel after the induction valves were closed.

By achieving precise combustion control that is free of restrictions, the GDI delivers a previously unseen combination of fuel economy and power. In conventional engines, fuel and air are mixed outside the cylinder. This ensures waste between the mixing point and the cylinder, as well as imperfect injection timing. But in the Toyota D4 engine, petrol is injected directly into the cylinder with precise timing, eliminating waste and inefficiency.

For years, engineers have known that if they could build a petrol engine that worked like a diesel engine-in other words, one in which fuel is injected directly into the cylinder and the stratified, rich mixture right near the spark plug is ignited-they would have an engine that achieved both the fuel efficiency of a diesel engine and attained the high output of a conventional petrol engine. However, development of such an engine has been impeded by petrol's poor combustibility. Diesel engines operate on a thermodynamic cycle, meaning that as long as a sufficient temperature is reached, thorough ignition will occur regardless of the air/fuel mixture condition.

In order to achieve combustion with petrol, gaseous fuel and air must be mixed to form just the right air/fuel mixture, and precise control of position and timing of the air/fuel mixture is necessary to ensure delivery of this mixture to the very limited space between the spark plug electrodes in the very specific timing of ignition. The Gasoline Direct Injection engine is able to achieve this through technology that enables precise control over the air/fuel mixture. The GDI engine's ability to precisely control the mixing of the air and fuel is due to a new concept called wide spacing, whereby injection of the fuel spray occurs further away from the spark plug than in a conventional petrol engine, creating a wide space that enables optimum mixing of gaseous fuel and air. In stratified combustion (Ultra-Lean Mode), fuel is injected towards the curved top of the piston crown rather than towards the spark plug, during the latter stage of the compression stroke.

The movement of the fuel spray, the piston head's deflection of the spray and the flow of air within the cylinder cause the spray to vaporize and disperse. The resulting mixture of gaseous fuel and air is then carried up to the spark plug for ignition. The biggest advantage of this system is that it enables precise control over the air-to-fuel ratio at the spark plug at the point of ignition. In spring 1999, Mitsubishi has entered a GDI-equipped car (Carisma witch 1.8-litre 4G93 GDI engine, ) in Europe that satisfies lower European emission standards proposed for the year 2000, while in autumn 1999 MMC has entered a GDI-equipped car in North America that complies with U.S. Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. Toyota lets out automobiles with D-4 (GDI) by engines ( 3S-FSE, 2.0-litre;, 2.5-litre) in 1998 and only for a home market: Vista, Nadia etc. Nissan makes the NEO Di+HYPER CVT 3.0-litre Engines VG30dd (PS/rpm - 230/6400).